Antithrombotic

Heparins

Heparins

What is Heparins?

Heparin is a fast-acting injectable anticoagulant that works by activating antithrombin III, which in turn inhibits thrombin and factor Xa—key players in the blood clotting cascade. It is used primarily in hospitals for the treatment and prevention of thrombosis, especially in surgical, dialysis, and ICU settings. There are two main types: Unfractionated Heparin (UFH), which requires close monitoring, and Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWH) like enoxaparin, which offer more predictable effects and longer duration.

Uses of Heparins :-

  • Prevention and treatment of DVT and pulmonary embolism
  • Anticoagulation during surgeries or dialysis
  • Acute coronary syndromes (e.g., unstable angina, MI)
  • Prevention of clotting in catheters and IV lines

Common Side Effects :-

  • Bleeding
  • Injection site reactions
  • Low platelet count (Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia - HIT)
  • Osteoporosis with long-term use

Precautions & Warnings :-

  • Monitor aPTT for unfractionated heparin; LMWH monitoring is less frequent.
  • Use cautiously in patients with renal impairment (especially with LMWH).
  • Contraindicated in active bleeding or recent brain/spinal surgeries.
  • Reversible with protamine sulfate in case of overdose.
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